Supplementary material from "Hypergravity assisted chemical liquid deposition of nano-granular film on the inner surface of a quartz tube"

Transparent tubes with functions of heating and temperature measurement are badly required in the visualization investigation of two-phase flows and flow-boiling heat transfer. In order to prepare such a tube, we introduced a cost-effective and energy-efficient procedure of hypergravity assisted chemical liquid deposition (HACLD) to produce transparent and conductive silver (Ag) films on the inner surfaces of quartz tubes, typically 50 mm in length and 8 mm in inner diameter with a set-up that designed and built for this purpose. Precursors of organometallic Ag precursor solutions were prepared by dissolving silver citrate and 1,2-diaminopropane in 2-methoxyethanol with required concentration for the chemical liquid deposition process. Semitransparent and conductive Ag films formed inside the required quartz tubes under specific heating process in hypergravity. One of the films was about 47 nm in thickness, 23 ohms per square sheet resistance, and 30% optical transmittance. This attempt may pave a way for the understanding of the film forming mechanism in hypergravity, and the development of a film preparation technology of HACLD.