Fuel
Use Trends for Boiling Water in Rural China (1992–2012)
and Environmental Health Implications: A National Cross-Sectional
Study
Version 3 2018-10-20, 10:13
Version 2 2018-10-19, 22:05
Version 1 2018-10-16, 20:13
Posted on 2018-10-20 - 10:13
Survey data from
a comprehensive national survey of ∼34 000
households were analyzed for the mix status and transition trajectory
of energy for boiling water in rural Chinese households from 1992
to 2012. In 1992, ∼6% of households reported using electricity,
biogas, or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to boil drinking water; in
2012, the proportion was ∼60%. Income per capita appeared most
strongly associated with this transition toward electricity and other
clean fuels. Median annual incomes for households using biomass fuels,
electric kettles, and LPG were RMB 15 000, 28 000, and
30 000, respectively. Overall, the transition was most pronounced
in eastern China, a region which experienced relatively higher rates
of economic growth over the same 20-year period. Energy type preferences
appear to be highly dependent on fuel accessibility such that coal
and straw usage was higher in provinces with higher coal and grain
production. These trends suggest that electric kettle use would likely
increase from ∼29% (2012) to ∼60% by 2030, at which
point <5% of rural households would be expected to boil with solid
fuels. Recent evidence suggests that this transition could contribute
to reductions in water-related gastrointestinal illness as well as
reductions in air pollutant emissions in rural China.
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Du, Wei; Cohen, Alasdair; Shen, Guofeng; Ru, Muye; Shen, Huizhong; Tao, Shu (2018). Fuel
Use Trends for Boiling Water in Rural China (1992–2012)
and Environmental Health Implications: A National Cross-Sectional
Study. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02389
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AUTHORS (6)
WD
Wei Du
AC
Alasdair Cohen
GS
Guofeng Shen
MR
Muye Ru
HS
Huizhong Shen
ST
Shu Tao
KEYWORDS
air pollutant emissionstransition trajectorybiomass fuelselectricityenergy type preferencesLPGEnvironmental Health Implicationsdrinking waterBoiling Watermix statusRMBChinese householdsstraw usage20- year periodfuel accessibilitypetroleum gasNational Cross-Sectional Study Survey datagrain productionkettle useRecent evidence