Enhancing Cognitive Function in Diabetic Rats: The Role of Exercise and Selenium Nanoparticles in Hippocampal Protection

 Our study addresses the pressing issue of cognitive decline in diabetes, a complication that remains inadequately managed. We provide novel insights into the synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on improving cognitive function and neuroprotection, as evidenced by robust cognitive function and molecular analyses in diabetic rats. Our findings demonstrate that the combined intervention of SeNPs and HIIT significantly enhances spatial learning, memory, and neuronal viability in the hippocampal CA1 region, mediated through modulation of key neuroprotective and glucose pathways, including Irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Additionally, our study highlights the potential of this combined approach in mitigating glucose metabolism impairments, suggesting its translational relevance for therapeutic strategies targeting diabetes-related cognitive decline.