Chronic
Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Six Metals
(Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to the Great Pond Snail Lymnaea
stagnalis
Version 2 2018-04-15, 12:03
Version 1 2018-04-15, 12:03
Posted on 2018-04-15 - 12:03
Although
metal-mixture toxicity has recently received increasing
attention, there is still insufficient knowledge on joint effects
occurring in chronic exposures to relatively low metal concentrations.
We characterized the chronic toxicity of binary mixtures of six metals
(Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 14 day growth tests with juveniles
of the metal-sensitive freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Observations were compared with predictions from individual metals
and from the two most frequently used mixture models: concentration
addition (CA) and independent action (IA). Predictions based on measured
total dissolved concentrations and on calculated free-ion activities
did not differ greatly because multimetal geochemical interactions
in the tests were limited. In around half of the tests, mixture toxicity
was higher than the greatest effect caused by the individual metals,
arguing in favor of considering joint effects. When the additive models
were used, the great majority of interactions were either additive
or less than additive (i.e., antagonism). In general, the IA model
was the most accurate, while the CA model was the most conservative.
Along with other studies, these findings suggest that, at least for
binary combinations, the simple CA model may provide satisfactory
protection from the chronic metal toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic
organisms.
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Crémazy, Anne; Brix, Kevin V.; Wood, Chris M. (2018). Chronic
Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Six Metals
(Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to the Great Pond Snail Lymnaea
stagnalis. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06554
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AUTHORS (3)
AC
Anne Crémazy
KB
Kevin V. Brix
CW
Chris M. Wood