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Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Light-Up and in Situ Detection of Calcium Ions at High Concentration

Posted on 2018-04-19 - 13:50
The fluorescent probe for the detection of calcium ions is an indispensable tool in the biomedical field. The millimolar order of Ca­(II) ions is associated with many physiological processes and diseases, such as hypercalcemia, soft tissue calcification, and bone microcracks. However, the conventional fluorescent probes are only suitable for imaging Ca­(II) ions in the nanomolar to micromolar range, which can be because of their high affinities toward Ca­(II) ions and aggregation-caused quenching drawbacks. To tackle this challenge, we herein develop an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe SA-4CO2Na for selective and light-up detection of Ca­(II) ions in the millimolar range (0.6–3.0 mM), which can efficiently distinguish between hypercalcemic (1.4–3.0 mM) and normal (1.0–1.4 mM) Ca2+ ion levels. The formation of fibrillar aggregates between SA-4CO2Na and Ca­(II) ions was clearly verified by fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron analysis. Moreover, this AIE-active probe can be used for wash-free and light-up imaging of a high concentration of Ca­(II) ions even in the solid analytes, including calcium deposits in psammomatous meningioma slice, microcracks on bovine bone surface, and microdefects on hydroxyapatite-based scaffold. It is thus expected that this AIE-active probe would have broad biomedical applications through light-up imaging and sensing of Ca­(II) ions at the millimolar level.

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