Atsushi Kobayashi is Assistant Professor at Center for Southeast Asian Studies Kyoto University. His representative publications are ‘The Role of Singapore in the Growth of Intra-Southeast Asian Trade, c.1820s-1852’ (Southeast Asian Studies, 2013), and ‘Price Fluctuations and Growth Patterns in Singapore’s Trade, 1831-1913’ (Australian Economic History Review, 2017), and ‘International Bimetallism and Silver Absorption in Singapore, 1840-73’ (Economic History Review, 2019).