This
thesis consists of three distinct papers, that each address the globalisation
of industries in past decades, specifically the reorganisation of the
production process. The structure of production has changed
in recent decades; goods are no longer produced completely in one country, rather
production is fragmented into several geographically segmented business
functions. This thesis argues the need for both alternative methods and data to
better explain complex trade and investment, (and therefore production patterns),
in the modern global economy.