Conference presentation by Beckett Sterner (Arizona State University, beckett.sterner@asu.edu) at the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB) in Toronto, 2023. Project funded by "Dynamic Linear Modeling to Unlock New Tests of Directionality in Fossil Lineages" project funded as part of the Science of Purpose Initiative (biologicalpurpose.org) from the Templeton Foundation.