<b>Carbon Credit Methodology and Framework</b><i>Structured Emission Accounting & Financial Modelling for India and Global Markets</i>

<p dir="ltr"><b>Carbon Credit Methodology and Framework: A Structured Approach to Emission Accounting, Financial Modelling, and Carbon Market Research in India and Global Contexts</b></p><p dir="ltr">This open-access working paper presents a structured methodology for carbon credit generation, GHG emission accounting, financial modelling, and carbon market research. It bridges science, policy, and finance while focusing on applications across sustainable agriculture, rural economy, renewable energy, ESG finance, and global climate markets.</p><p dir="ltr">This paper documents the methodology behind a reproducible carbon models that integrates baseline emission models, project emission reductions, and financial assessments (NPV, IRR, sensitivity to carbon price). The dataset covers energy, agriculture, forestry and waste sectors, aligned with IPCC 2006 Guidelines, UNFCCC CDM tools, Verra and Gold Standard methodologies, and India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS 2023).</p><p dir="ltr">The work builds upon the author's published book <i>“Carbon Credit: A Beginner’s Guide – Demystifying the Carbon Economy”</i> and extends it into a scientific and methodological format for researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and students.</p><p dir="ltr">The paper includes:</p><ul><li>Carbon credit project cycle (baseline, additionality, MRV, verification)</li><li>Emission accounting formulas, data parameters, and sectoral methodologies</li><li>Financial modelling templates: CAPEX/OPEX, IRR, NPV, DSCR & carbon revenue</li><li>Use cases in agriculture, rural finance, solar irrigation, EVs, forestry & carbon trading</li><li>India’s role in global voluntary & compliance carbon markets</li></ul><p dir="ltr">This paper is shared as part of an <b>open-access initiative</b> to advance global knowledge-sharing in climate finance, carbon markets, rural development, and sustainable economy. </p><p dir="ltr">This work is shared under the <b>Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License</b> as part of an <b>open-access initiative in climate finance, carbon markets, and sustainable rural development.</b></p><p dir="ltr"><b>Related DOI Links & Records:</b></p><ul><li><i>SSRN working paper (abstract): </i><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=5693642" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=5693642</i></a></li><li><i>SSRN DOI: </i><a href="" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5693642</i></a></li><li><i>SSRN Author Page (ID 8890132): </i><a href="" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://ssrn.com/author=8890132</i></a></li><li><i>Figshare DOI: </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30509672" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30509672</i></a></li><li><i>Zenodo DOI (1): </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17246953" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17246953</i></a></li><li><i>Zenodo DOI (2): </i><a href="" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17556697</i></a></li><li><i>OSF DOI (1): </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PEKU3" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PEKU3</i></a></li><li><i>OSF DOI (2): </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF7JW" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF7JW</i></a></li><li><i>OSF project page: </i><a href="https://osf.io/mf7jw" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://osf.io/mf7jw</i></a></li><li><i>OSF registration DOI (noted earlier): </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MS587" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MS587</i></a></li><li><i>Harvard Dataverse (dataset DOI): </i><a href="https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/W2D7H2" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/W2D7H2</i></a></li><li><i>Google Scholar profile: </i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eExuM4QAAAAJ" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eExuM4QAAAAJ</i></a></li><li><i>ISBN (Paperback):</i><i> 978-93-343-6282-4</i><i>→ </i><a href="https://www.manojrawat.com/carbon-credit-book" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i>https://www.manojrawat.com/carbon-credit-book</i></a></li><li><i>ISBN (eBook)</i><i>:</i><i> 978-93-343-7713-2</i><i> </i><i>→ </i><a href="https://www.manojrawat.com/carbon-credit-book" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i>https://www.manojrawat.com/carbon-credit-book</i></a></li><li><i>ORCID: </i><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5571-7820" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5571-7820</a></li><li><i>Author's website</i><i>: </i><a href="https://www.manojrawat.com" rel="noopener" target="_new"><i>https://www.manojrawat.com</i></a></li><li><i>Email : </i><a href="http://mkrawat@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i>mkrawat@gmail.com</i></a></li></ul><p></p>