Why Transient EZ/Ice Microstructures in Storm Clouds Have Eluded Detection

This review and perspective article examines the persistent challenge of detecting transient exclusion zone (EZ) or ice microstructures in natural storm clouds. Drawing from recent laboratory results and atmospheric physics, the paper details the technical, temporal, and conceptual reasons why these fleeting structures are rarely observed in the field. It discusses instrumentation limitations, rapid phase changes, and the lack of targeted theoretical or observational frameworks.
Author’s Note: This work was originally composed as a conceptual review. Empirical studies published since then have begun to address some of the open questions raised here. For the latest data-driven findings and testable models, see:“HydroElectric Phase Feedback Model (HPFM): Empirical Evidence for Electrically-Driven Lightning and Precipitation Anomalies in Storm Clouds,” Figshare, 2025. https://figshare.com/articles/preprint/HydroElectric_Phase_Feedback_Model_Empirical_Evidence_for_Electrically-Driven_Lightning_and_Precipitation_Anomalies_in_Storm_Clouds/29129021