Differentiation-Based Semantics for Modal Reasoning

<p dir="ltr">We introduce D-logic, a modal framework grounded in ontological differentiation rather than truth assignments. Unlike standard modal logics, which rely on fixed valuations and accessibility relations, D-logic begins with acts of distinction between entities, aspects, or states. This foundational shift enables a new treatment of paradox, modality, and self-reference, particularly in scenarios involving cognitive agents or re cursive structures. The paper formalizes the syntax and semantics of D-logic, provides a model-theoretic basis for differentiation, and out lines how this approach resolves classical modal dilemmas by tracing their origin to ontological conflation. Implications for metaphysics, logic, and artificial intelligence are briefly discussed.</p>