Element: Battery Electrode Simulation Toolkit using MFEM (BESFEM), 2024

Conventional sharp-interface simulations require mesh systems conformal to the domain of interest for solving governing equations. Our research team employs an alternative approach, the smoothed boundary method (SBM), that utilizes a continuous domain function to describe geometries and reformulate governing equations. This formulation enables solving governing equations on a regular Cartesian grid, eliminating the need for body-conforming meshes. We have been developing an Open-Source Battery Electrode Simulation Toolkit using MFEM (BESFEM). This toolkit integrates the SBM approach on the MFEM solver library (a product of the DOE's Exascale Computing Project). To enhance accuracy and computational efficiency, our team leverage MFEM's built-in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) functionality, where elements near SBM diffuse interfaces are multilevel refined. BESFEM will be made fully available as a research and education tool for the battery science and materials science communities.