Supplementary Material.zip

Biofilm-mediated pore-scale dynamics in porous media require advanced modeling frameworks to resolve coupled flow-transport-growth interactions. This study introduces a multi-physics modeling platform integrating three methodological innovations: (1) real-time microfluidic imaging for biofilm architecture quantification, (2) image-derived hydraulic parameterization through machine vision algorithms, and (3) a dynamically coupled Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes (DBS) flow solver with nutrient-dependent biofilm growth kinetics.