THE HOTCHPOTCH OF THE INTERNET GOVERNANCE PARADIGM

The question of "Who Owns the Internet?" uncovers a complex reality: the internet operates as a decentralized network governed by a web of agreements among governments, private corporations, and international bodies, with no single controlling entity. This decentralized nature presents challenges in harmonizing laws and standards across jurisdictions. While major private companies, including Tier 1 ISPs and tech giants, manage significant infrastructure and data traffic, governments and organizations like ICANN play crucial roles in regulation and standard-setting. Aligning international regulations with local practices is essential due to the internet's borderless nature. Key challenges include cybersecurity, data privacy, and intellectual property, which complicate efforts to develop cohesive legal frameworks that support a global digital economy while respecting national sovereignty. The concept of internet access as a fundamental human right has gained prominence, with international declarations and national frameworks in countries such as Costa Rica, Estonia, and Finland recognizing its importance for freedoms like speech and education. However, debates continue over whether internet access should be classified as a fundamental right, with critics concerned about practical implications and governmental burdens. Proponents argue that in the digital age, such access is vital for exercising human rights and fostering equitable development. This ongoing discourse highlights the need for adaptable legal frameworks to manage evolving digital challenges.