Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Analysis and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution for Butyltin Compounds Metabolism Investigations

A methodology for the study of the absorption and metabolism of butyltin compounds in laboratory animals using isotopically enriched species was developed. The method is based on the oral administration of ¹¹⁹Sn-labeled monobutyltin (MBT), ¹¹⁸Sn-labeled dibutyltin (DBT), and ¹¹⁷Sn-labeled tributyltin (TBT) to the animals and the measurement of both the concentration and isotopic composition of these compounds in the different tissues by GC−ICPMS. The degradation of butyltin compounds during their metabolism was computed using least-squares isotope pattern deconvolution, and their concentration was measured by reverse isotope dilution analysis using natural-abundance MBT, DBT, and TBT standards. Male Wistar rats were used as models to evaluate the proposed methodology. Preliminary toxicological results obtained with one rat indicate that TBT is highly absorbed (64.4%), and it is found in all organs with relatively high levels in stomach and intestines. The apparent absorption of DBT was 27.3% and was mainly found in liver, kidney, and intestines. However, a large proportion of the found DBT is formed from the degradation of TBT (∼40% of the found DBT in liver is degraded TBT). The apparent absorption of MBT was found to be 12.5%, and the originally administered MBT was mainly recovered in the feces. However, MBT was clearly detected in liver, kidney, stomach, intestines, and urine as degradation products of DBT and TBT. Although a significant variability from rat to rat is expected to be obtained, the analytical variability provided by this methodology is small enough to yield meaningful biological results. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed methodology is able to follow qualitatively, quantitatively, and simultaneously the specific metabolic pathways of different species of a given element.