Qualitative determinants of employment in innovative firms: effect of ownership, gender and education level of top manager and types of innovation on employment in a sample of Egyptian firms

The study identifies the qualitative employment determinants in Egyptian innovative firms. Different studies found that some innovative firms have a positive effect on employment. However, other firms in other types of innovation have a negative effect on employment. The article uses BEEPS data drawn from the World Bank in the period 2012 to 2016. The results of ANCOVA analysis show statistically that firm age has a significant positive effect just on permanent employment. However, there do not have a significant effect on the other types of employment. Also, the top managers experience has a positive significant effect on all types of employment. Compared with the service sector, manufacturing firms have a significant positive effect on all types of employment. For the top manager gender, male top managers have a positive significant effect on all of permanent, production and skilled employment. Owning an innovative firm has a significant negative effect on employment.