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Optically Measured Black and Particulate Brown Carbon Emission Factors from Real-World Residential Combustion Predominantly Affected by Fuel Differences
journal contribution
posted on 2020-12-08, 22:13 authored by Lu Zhang, Zhihan Luo, Yaojie Li, Yuanchen Chen, Wei Du, Gang Li, Hefa Cheng, Guofeng Shen, Shu TaoResidential solid fuel use is an
important source of black carbon
(BC) but also a main source of uncertainty in BC emission inventories,
as reliable real-world emission factors (EFs) and data on consumption
of noncommercial household fuels are limited. In this study, particulate
BC and brown carbon (BrC) for real-world indoor coal and biomass burning
were evaluated using a SootScan model OT21 optical transmissometer
from a field campaign including 343 biomass/coal combustion events.
The highest BC EF from the burning of coal cake (a mixed fuel locally
made from coal and clay) was 1.6–6.4 higher than that of other
fuels, and BC EFs were higher for coal combustion than for biomass
burning. The highest particulate BrC EF was from charcoal burning
and was 1.5–4.3 times higher than that from other biomass and
coals. Burning fuel in iron stoves had lower BC and BrC EFs, at approximately
15–66% and 40–54%, respectively, compared with burning
in other stove types. The difference between heating and cooking activities
was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). A
generalized
linear model coupled with dominance analysis evidenced that the EFs
were significantly associated with fuel and stove types, with the
fuel difference being a major influencing factor explaining 68% of
the variation. This suggests that a clean fuel transition would have
beneficial impacts on air pollution associated with the residential
sector in China. The absorption EFs differed by 2–3 orders
of magnitude across different fuel–stove combinations. The
Absorption Ångström Exponent values for the particulate
from residential solid fuel combustions ranged from 0.92 to 3.7.