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Multivariate associations between infant feeding method at 6–8 weeks of age and all-cause and cause-specific special educational need after excluding children with a congenital abnormality and children who were admitted to intensive or special care units.
journal contribution
posted on 2023-04-06, 17:23 authored by Lisa J. Adams, Jill P. Pell, Daniel F. Mackay, David Clark, Albert King, Michael FlemingASD, autistic spectrum disorder; Col. %, column percentage; OR, odds ratio. Adjusted for child (sex, age at school pupil census, ethnic group, area-based deprivation quintile at birth), mother (maternal age, smoking status, and marital status), and pregnancy (parity, mode of delivery, sex gestation–specific birth weight centile, gestation at delivery, and 5-minute Apgar score) factors.
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many women strugglelinking together healthhealth visitor recordsavailable precluding differentiationspecial educational needsspecial educational needphysical health conditionsstudy provides evidencestudy investigated relationshipsmental health conditionsless communication problemsweek feeding methodmental health problems745 scottish schoolchildreninfant feeding method5 %) mixedexclusively breastfed childrenavailable breastfeeding datacommunication problemsfeeding methodspecial schoolsinfant breastfeedingexclusively breastfeedchildhood physicalbreastfed infants2 %)mixed feedingsingleton childrenxlink ">stopped breastfeedingsignificant associationsshorter durationreduced incidencepopulation cohortpaternal factorslimited sincelearning disabilitieslearning difficultylearning difficultiesfindings augmentexclusive breastfeedingemployment statusbinomial distribution91 ],903 ).87 ],82 ],754 ),53 ],504 )).37 ],22 ],2004 onwards19 ],09 ],06 ],03 ],002 ),