Magnetic Monopoles, Gravitational Waves, and the Planet Earth: A Twice-Told Tale

<p dir="ltr">In this paper, we calculate the wavelength of the monopole-induced gravitational wave that interacts with the hydrogen bond between water molecules (and in the process produces molecular oxygen) with improved accuracy, obtaining a value of 148.73 microns, replacing an earlier estimate of 149 microns. Using this new value in conjunction with an equation that we derived recently for the gravitational wavelength resulting from an electron orbiting a monopole at the center of the Sun, we show that there should have been a peak in the rate of monopole-induced oxygenation on Earth about 2.79 billion years ago, although this event would not in itself have led to the accumulation of oxygen on the planet. This estimate for the onset of oxygenation is in good agreement with results of investigations that have dated the first appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis on the planet to about that time. We next consider the conditions that would have existed at the time of the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 2.42 billion years ago and show that the monopole-induced gravitational wavelength produced by an electron rotating about the monopole at the center of the Sun would have become too long (i.e., the gravitational energy too weak) to allow the monopole to continue interacting with water molecules after that time. As a result, a new type of interaction was needed at the time if monopole-induced gravitational waves were to continue interacting with the hydrogen bonds between water molecules after the GOE. This new interaction turned out to involve the generation of gravitational waves accompanying the Earth’s annual rotation about the Sun. We conclude the paper with speculations about how the planet (and the solar system) might eventually collapse into a black hole.</p>