MIL-100(Fe)-Hybridized Nanofibers for Adsorption and Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollutants: Experimental and DFT Approach

As rapid industrial growth spawns severe water contamination and a far-reaching impact on environmental safety, the development of a purification system is in high demand. Herein, a visible light-induced photocatalytic adsorbent membrane was developed by growing a porous metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL-100­(Fe) crystals, onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, and its purification capability by adsorption and the photocatalytic effect was investigated. As water-soluble organic foulants, a cationic dye, rhodamine B (RhB), and an anionic dye, methyl orange (MO), were employed, and the adsorption/desorption characteristics were analyzed. Since MIL-100­(Fe) possesses positive charges in aqueous solution, MO was more rapidly adsorbed onto the MIL-100­(Fe) grown PAN membrane (MIL-100­(Fe)@PAN) than RhB. Under visible light, both photocatalytic degradation and adsorption occurred concurrently, facilitating the purification process. The reusability of MIL-100­(Fe)@PAN as an adsorbent was explored by cyclic adsorption–desorption experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborated higher binding energy of charged MO over RhB and demonstrated the possible steric hindrance of RhB to adhere in MOF pores. The emphasis of the study lies in the combined investigation of the experimental approach and DFT calculations for the fundamental understanding of adsorption/desorption phenomena occurring in the purification process. This study provides theoretical support for the interaction between MOF–hybrid complexes and contaminants when MOF-hybridized composites adsorb or photodegrade water-soluble pollutants of different charges and sizes.