Meaning Configuration of Cultural Practices in Bali as a Model to Strengthen Identity of Balinese People

This paper attempts to configure the meaning of cultural practices in the field of tradition in Bali including the cultural meaning of assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declaration that can be used as a model TO strengthen the identity of Balinese people. In order to obtain valid data, participative observation taking the form of a focused group discussion was done in several locations in Bali. The data were then thoroughly analyzed based on the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage originated by Wierzbicka (1999) with a model of Cultural Scripts proposed by Goddarad (2002). The result of analysis showed that: 1) cultural meanings found in verbal utterance of traditional cultural practices in Bali could be derived from such functions of speech acts as (a) assertive with cultural meanings of ngaturang 'to present  and ngedengang 'to show '; (b) directive with cultural meanings of ngelungsur keslametan ‘to ask for safety', nuturang 'to advise', ngundang 'to invite'; (c) expressive with cultural meanings of ampura 'to apologize' and suksma 'to thank'; (d) commissive with cultural meaning of mejanji 'to promise'; and (e) declaration with cultural meaning of mutusang 'to decide'; 2) Cultural meanings of Bali cultural practices could be configured using cultural scripts that can be used as a model to strengthen the identity of Balinese people.


Introduction
Efforts to strengthen the identity of the community are in line with the national development of Indonesia that prioritizes the formation of character and national identity through cultural practices, especially in the realm of tradition concerning religion and customs. Bali as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia is an ethnic retaining local wisdom value in the onslaught of globalization through cultural practices of Bali. The Balinese cultural practices contain a lot of cultural values, including meaning, norms, and local wisdom. The maintenance and strengthening of the identity of Balinese people are done along with a configuration model of cultural meaning. Configuration Goddard (1996Goddard ( , 2002 is called Cultural Scripts. This model is based on the configuration of cultural significance as a whole. This model is expected to strengthen the character and identity of Balinese people. Therefore, this study entitled "Meaning Configuration of Bali Cultural Practices as a Model to Strengthen the Identity of Balinese People" is given a priority to investigate The description of the character and identity of Balinese people has been studied a lot previously by some researchers. However, there is a socio-cultural phenomenon and a fact that in Bali there is no strengthening model yet to the Balinese identity and character of Balinese people accordingly. It gives an impact on the uncomprehensive documentation of cultural activities, such as cultural practices performed by Balinese people. The question that arises now is that how cultural meanings of local wisdom in Bali are maintained, dug up, and configured so that it becomes a model for strengthening the identity and character of Balinese people. Therefore, these studies are urgently required.

Research Methods
This field research was conducted in the districts in Bali. As a matter of fact, that cultural practices are in a wide range and variation in Bali, which resulted in the diversity of cultural meanings significantly. Therefore, the primary data in this study were in the form of verbal utterances in the Balinese tradition, in particular during the implementation of ritual offerings to God Almighty and wedding ceremony process. Meanwhile, secondary data were in the forms of archives, literature, and the report on problems being discussed. The method used to obtain data was the method of participative observation (Bungin, 2001: 57;Moleong, 2000), which was supported by the technique of Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Furthermore, in-depth interviews were also applied to obtain further information. These in-depth interviews were conducted with informants first, then the results of these interviews were cross-referenced to such key informants society leaders. The sample of the population was made with the technique of purposive sampling (Bungin, 2003). Furthermore, the meaning of cultural practices performed by Balinese was analyzed first. After that, the cultural meanings were configured bicultural scripts model to strengthen the identity and character of Balinese people.

Results and Analysis
This section contains the meaning of cultural practices of Balinese people that are derived from functions of speech acts, such as assertive utterances, directive utterances, expressive utterances, commissive utterances, and declaration utterances. Then, the cultural meanings are configured with a model of cultural scripts.

Assertive Cultural Meaning
Assertive functions are functions of utterances that binds speakers to the truth of what is said. The assertive utterance is a statement of something that binds speakers at a truth. It is also a speech stating a very strong belief expressed by the speaker. The essence of assertive speech in Bali which is becoming identity and character of Balinese people can be explicated as follows.
People think like this: When someone knows something, it would be good if this person could state its existence And when one knows the truth, it is better if this person can tell it to others The essence of the meaning of this assertive can be seen in the following text (1) Puniki krama subak druwe prasida rauh tangkil ring ajeng palungguh I Ratu, ngaturang sembah pangubhakti melarapan antuk bhakti pangusaba emping meruntutan bhakti suci dandanan maguling babi sajangkapnya katur ring singgih Bhatara 'Currently, the members of Subak come to prostrate before You praying and devotion with duck meat and suckling pig completed with the offerings' The cultural meaning of the text above is to show the existence of an organization in which members of Subak reveal the truth about the existence and compactness to bow down and pray to God Almighty. Lexicon representation that 27 refers to this meaning is ngaturang 'to present'. In addition, the representation of assertive meaning can be seen in the following text which implies ngedengang 'to show', as shown in the following text.
'Before I deliver it further to the parents and elders concerned here, allow me to deliver to worship and praise to God Almighty for His blessings that I can deliver and convey the purpose of my arrival here, and let me also to tell those who come along with me in meeting today ' The

Directive Cultural Meaning
The directive function is a function of utterances made by speakers with the intention that the hearers could perform the acts implied in the utterance. The directive utterances are intended to express the speaker's expression of attitudes towards actions to be taken by the hearer. In other words, this directive function of utterance is to express the intention of speakers (desires, hopes, and feelings) as an utterance or attitude expressed and used as a reason for action by hearers. Therefore, the core of the directive meaning can be explicated as follows: People think like this: When I feel something and want someone to do something It would be better if I say something like this to this person: "I want you to do this I think you will do this because of it" Directive utterances have various meanings according to the context of speaking and Balinese culture, such as nglungsur keslametan 'to asks for safety' embodied in the following text (3) Kenak mangkin singgih Bhatara ngaksi saha nampenin baktin krama subak sami, singgih Bhatara mangkin ngayab, natab sari nyumput sari sedaging bakti. Lungsur titiang mangkin swecan singgih Bhatara mangda pantun sane jagi katandur mangda prasida maurip 'We are witnessing once you accept their offerings. Their goal is to deliver to this thanksgiving ceremony so that you always give grace to rice seeds that will be planted in the fields of life as it should, is not affected by pests and diseases, and enough water, so the growth becomes solid content ' In addition, the representation of the meaning of the directive can be nuturang 'to advise' and ngundang 'to invite', as shown in the following text The above text (4) indicates that the identity of the people of Bali in terms of advising and inviting can be configured as follows nuturang 'to advise' People think like this: Something good will happen if someone can do something nice for everyone If not, something bad will happen Therefore, this person will say something like this: "You can do this to other people again" ngundang'to invite' in Balinese, however, is different. Ngundang 'to invite' is used when people of Bali do activities for a joy. See the following explication. ngundang 'to invite' Other people think like this: When something good happens to someone, it would be nice if someone else can do something Therefore, one can think of something, like this: 'I would better to tell this to others If not, other people cannot do something and that something bad will happen to me'

Expressive Cultural Meaning
The expressive function is a function of utterance made by speakers with the intention that the utterance can be interpreted as an evaluation of the things mentioned in a speech, for example, apologizing and thanking. 29 At the same time, when the time comes, this person will do something good for others. Therefore, something good may happen to others

Commissive Cultural Meaning
Commissive meaning is the meaning of utterance that binds speakers to implement what was mentioned in their utterances, such as promising. Cultural scripts related to the commissive utterance can explicate in a high-level script, as shown below People think like this: It is a good thing that if someone says something, another person can do something like what this person is saying Something is not good if someone does not do something like what this person is saying Commissive cultural meaning is represented by mejanji 'to promise', as shown in the following text.
'That is all we can say, we will also have kinds of offerings. We do hope that mothers could have a face to face meeting discussing this matter' The promise is one of the Balinese identities performed by Balinese people in daily life tradition.

Declaration Cultural Meaning
A declaration is a meaning of utterance implied by a speaker with the intention of creating something new (status, existence, condition, and so forth). Cultural meanings associated with the declaration can be paraphrased as follows. People

Conclusion
After having studied the meanings of Balinese cultural practices in the field of tradition, some conclusions can be drawn, as follows: a) The cultural meaning found in verbal utterance of traditional cultural practices in Bali could be derived from such functions of speech acts as (a) assertive with cultural meanings of ngaturang 'to present' and ngedengang 'to show '; (b) directive with cultural meanings of ngelungsurkeslametan 'to ask for safety', nuturang 'to advise', ngundang 'to invite'; (c) expressive with cultural meanings of ampura 'to apologize' and suksma 'to thank'; (d) commissive with cultural meaning of mejanji 'to promise'; and (e) declaration with cultural meaning of mutusang 'to decide'; b) Cultural meanings of Bali cultural practices could be configured using cultural scripts that can be used as a model for strengthening the identity of Balinese people.

Conflict of interest statement and funding sources
The author(s) declared that (s)he/they have no competing interest. The study was financed by personal funding.

Statement of authorship
The author(s) have a responsibility for the conception and design of the study. The author(s) have approved the final article.