Indexical Collapse: Reference Disappears, Authority Remains in Predictive Systems

<p dir="ltr">This article introduces the concept of <i>Indexical Collapse</i>, the disappearance of reference in predictive systems. Indexical such as pronouns, demonstratives, and tenses presuppose a contextual anchor, yet predictive language models reproduce them without connection to reality. The outcome is a collapse of reference that paradoxically produces authority effects in law, medicine, and governance. By analyzing judicial transcripts, medical reports, institutional records, and chatbot interactions generated by AI, the paper proposes a framework for pragmatic auditing of predictive outputs. It establishes thresholds for acceptable referential absence in critical domains, positioning <i>Indexical Collapse</i> as a central category for evaluating the legitimacy of predictive discourse.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>DOI</b></p><ul><li>Primary archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17226412" target="_blank">https://doi.org/<b>10.5281/zenodo.17226412</b></a></li><li>Secondary archive: <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30233950" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30233950</a></li><li>SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025)</li></ul><p></p>