Immunostaining of synovial tissue of a patient (hygroma) 18 months post chikungunya.

Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin wax tissue sections (DAB brown revelation) and hematoxylin counterstaining in blue of the nuclei were carried out on a biopsy of a patient suffering from CHIKD replases 18-months post-infection. Different markers were tested to assess cell proliferation (KI67; S1A Fig), immune cell invasion (CD45; S1B Fig), presence of perivascular monocytes (CD14; S1D Fig) and parenchymal macrophages (CD68; S1D Fig), angiogenesis (CD34 and VEGF; S1B and S1C Fig), synthesis of Nitric Oxide by NOS (S1C Fig), metalloprotease (MMP2; S1E upp Fig) and prostaglandin biosynthesis (COX-2; S1E Fig). Some antibodies (anti-DEC205 and anti-CD11c; S1F and S1G Fig) were checked for reactivity using spleen tissue sections.

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