FEATURES OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF BOYS AND GIRLS – STUDENTS OF POLISH HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

The features of level and structure of indexes of physical development, physical preparedness and functional state of students are considered. In research 50 took part students of Higher School of Sciences about health from Bydgoshch (14 boys and 36 girls, age 18-29 years). Reliable distinctions are exposed in physical preparedness and functional state of boys and girls on the indexes of force. Indexes of psychophysiological possibilities, frequencies of heart-throbs in a state of rest, the index of Ruf'e have no reliable distinctions at boys and girls. It is shown that power capabilities have the most value in complex preparedness of boys. Functional and psychophysiological possibilities have the most value in complex preparedness of girls. The factor structure of preparedness of girls is differ by greater complication as compared to boys. On the level of physical preparedness and functional state of girls in a greater degree of anthropometric information have influence as compared to boys. Power capabilities for girls occupy middle position in the general structure of preparedness, while for boys’ power capabilities occupy leading position. It is shown that on employments on physical education of boys it is necessary to do an accent on development of force, while for girls on development of endurance (functional possibilities) and in a greater degree as compared to boys it is necessary to take into account psychophysiological possibilities.

female) or, alternatively, their overcome and combination in one person (strong, but also soft and gentle man, but at the same time an independent woman). And at higher levels of culture and philosophical reflection preference is usually given to the second model that promises greater understanding of sex, while in the first case their relationships are thought to be hierarchical based on domination and subordination [8].
Thus, the issue of gender differences remains relevant, as related to changing social conditions combined with relatively constant biological assumptions.
The work was performed in accordance with the Consolidated Plan of Research of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine on theme 2.4 "Theoretical and methodological foundations of personalization of educational-training process of athletes in team sports" and on theme 91 "Theoretical and methodological basis of personalization in physical education and sports" (number of state registration 0112U002001).
Purpose, tasks of the paper, material and methods.
The purpose of a study -to determine the features of the level and structure of indexes of physical development, physical training and functional status of boys and girls -students of higher educational establishment.
Methods of research. In the paper is used anthropometric methods of research from which to analyze Ketle Index was selected as the most informative indicator of the ratio of length and weight, and the length of the forearm for subsequent determination of the torque value in flexion forearm; from the indexes of physical training was determined the hand and forearm flexor force with a dynamometer, indexes of flexibility of the spine; from the indexes of functional status determined Ruf'e index and indicators of ortho tests and physiological indicators: simple reaction time on light, simple reaction time on sound, choice reaction time, an estimation of precision and speed of producing the desired motor movements [1][2][3][4], and indexes of Romberg test and orthostatic test.
The study involved 50 students of Higher School of Health Science from Bydgoshch, including 14 boys and 36 girls, middle age 24,00±5,39 (girls) and 26,64 ± 6,16 (boys). The studies were conducted in May 2012 in kinesiology exercises. The choice of research is grounded on the fact that Poland has a central position not only from the point of view of geography, but also from the point of view of standard of living, life expectancy, health status among European countries. Suppose that the analysis of parameters of physical development, physical training and functional status of the Polish students reflects average physical development, physical training and functional status of students in Europe.

Results of the research.
According to the study, significant differences in the level of physical training and functional status between boys and girls identified in terms of power capacity (р<0, 001, р<0, 05) (Table 1). For other studied parameters revealed a tendency for differences without statistical difference.
There were no significant differences between the indices of heart rate (HR) of boys and girls immediately after physical load. This index is equal to 126,44 rate per min -1 at girls and 132, 71 rates per min -1 at boys (р>0, 05) (Table 1), though in such case one can consider an existence of tendency to differences. Also there are no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of heart rate in the first minute recovery (81, 67±12, 69 rates per min -1 at girls and 86, 57±15, 58 rates per min -1 at boys) (р>0, 05); according to Ruf'e index (8, 01±3, 39 у.е. at girls and 9, 36±4, 5 у.е. at boys) (р>0, 05); according to indicators of ortho tests: HR lying is 69, 25±13, 63 69 rates per min -1 at girls and 71, 86±10, 95 rates per min -1 at boys (р>0, 05); HR standing is 71, 5±15, 56 rates per min -1 at girls and 72, 86±16, 88 rates per min -1 at boys (р>0, 05); change of HR crossing from the state of lying into the state of standing is not exceeding 5 rates per min -1 both at girls and boys that may explain the increased emotional response of testee during the test; the differences in the change in heart rate in orthostatic between boys and girls as not significant (р>0, 05) ( Table 1).
Significant differences among the measured parameters in this study were found in the right hand dynamometry, dynamometry of left hand, forearm flexor force, moment of force, as well as the length of the forearm, ie in indicators related to the manifestation of strength and anthropometric data. Dynamometry of left hand is 32, 81±9, 27 kg at girls and 44, 49±12, 77 kg at boys (р<0, 05); right hand dynamometry is 31, 22±7, 97 kg at girls and 43, 69±12, 43 kg at boys (р<0, 05) (Table 1). Forearm flexor strength at girls is equal to 8, 63±3, 26 kg, at boys -10, 79±4, 08 kg (р<0, 05), moment of force during arm flexion was 2, 21±0, 89 kg·m 2 ·sec -2 at girls and 2, 91±1, 21 kg·m 2 ·sec -2 at boys (р<0, 05) (Table 1). Thus, significant differences in the physical preparation and functional status of men and women were found only according to the indexes of power. Psychophysiological indicators of opportunities for boys and girls do not have significant differences, as well as indicators of heart rate at rest, immediately after the physical loading, the first minute of recovery and index of Ruf'e index, that partly confirms the findings of other authors [8] on minor sex differences in psychophysiological features and significant gender differences in the power development.
To analyze the structure of physical preparation, functional status and psychophysiological features of students was conducted a factor analysis method of principal components. In this study, factor analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, classification of variables and reduce the number of variables to describe the data. It was determined factor structure of comprehensive training of boys, girls and all students surveyed in general. Factor analysis revealed additional features of the integrated training of boys and girls.
Based on analysis of test scores included in the first factor, it was defined as "Power abilities". The second factor consisted the following indexes as Ruf'e index (r=0, 82), heart rate on a first minute of renewal (r=0, 90), heart rate directly after physical loading (r=0, 84), heart rate in state of rest (r=0, 79) ( Table 2). Based on analysis of test scores included in the first factor, it was defined as "Functionality". The third factor consisted the following indexes as heart rate standing (r=0, 96), difference between heart rate in state of standing and state of lying (r=0, 86), choice reaction time (r=0, 80), simple reaction time on light (r= -0, 75), heart rate in state of lying (r=0, 65). As far as the third factor consist indexes of speed reaction and indexes of ortho tests that reflex vegeto vascular regulation, third factor was determined as "Psychophysical opportunities" ( Table 2).
The fourth factor include speed indexes and accuracy of speed of arm to the desired path (r= -0, 80; 0, 77) and flexibility of the spine (r=0, 74). On the basis of the indicators included in the fourth factor, he was named a "Coordinating capacity" (Table 2).
Thus, in the complex training of youths the most importance have power capacities, than followed functionality, physiological capacities and coordination abilities. Table 3 shows the characteristics of complex testing factors of girls.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS
The first factor includes the following indexes of testing: Ruf'e index (r=0, 98), heart rate on a first minute of renewal (r=0, 80), heart rate directly after physical loading (r=0, 91), heart rate in state of rest (r=0, 63), Ketle index (r=0, 61) ( Table 3). Based on analysis of test scores included in the first factor, it was defined as "Functional opportunities".
The second factor includes the following indexes: heart rate in state of lying (r=0, 88), choice reaction time (r=0, 85), heart rate in state of standing (r=0, 84). Based on analysis of test scores included in the second factor, it was defined as "Psychophysiological opportunities".
The fourth factor include indexes of simple reaction time on light (r=0, 78) and girls' ages (r= -0, 44). These data suggest that older students have worse simple reaction time, so the fourth factor was named "Age features" (Table  3). The fifth factor include indexes of ortho tests (differences between heart rate in state of standing and heart rate in lying) (r=0, 89) and forearm length of (r=0, 45). As length of forearm is connected to body length, increase of heart rate crossing from the state of lying to the state of standing is more expressed at people with more length of body, the forth factor was named "Anthropometric data" ( Table 3).
The sixth factor include indexes of Romberg tests (r=0, 78) and velocity of bone motion to the desired path (r=0, 72), on the basis of which sixth factor was defined as "Coordinational abilities" (табл. 3).
Thus, in the complex training of girls the most importance have functional and physiological features, thenpower abilities, age features, anthropometric data and coordination abilities. In general, the factor structure of preparedness of girls is more complex than at boys. The level of physical preparation and functional status of women more influence age-specific anthropometric data and compared with boys. The power capacities of girls occupy a central position in the overall training, while at the young men power capacities occupy a leading position. The issues identified features in the structure of the complex preparedness of boys and girls in physical education of boys should be focuses on the development of strength, while the girls -the development of endurance (functionality) and to a greater extent than boys to consider psychophysiological opportunities.
Similarly, an analysis of the integrated training of all students, boys and girls was conducted. It was revealed that the overall structure of the preparedness of students is similar to the structure of youth preparation: the first factor (20, 82%) -"Power abilities", the second factor (16, 11%) -"Functional opportunities", the third factor (13, 87%) -"Psychophysiological opportunities", the fourth factor (8, 49%) -"Age abilities", the fifth factor (7, 00%) -"Coordinational abilities" (Table 4). Obtained results show that the current process of training in high school involves a high level of physical training, which linked to the general level of health, the development of physical qualities. On physical education classes at high school should be considered sexual characteristics of the students. Physical education of girls and boys should be tailored to the main factors determining the complex structure of their training. Summary.
1. There were significant differences in the physical training and functional status of men and women in terms of power. Psychophysiological indicators of capacity, heart rate at rest, immediately after the physical loading, on the first minute of recovery and rate index Ruf'e at boys and girls do not have significant differences.
2. It is shown that in the complex training of boys the most importance have power capacity, followed by functionality, physiological capacity and coordination abilities.
3. It is shown that in the complex training of the girls the most importance have functional and physiological features, then -power abilities, age characteristics, anthropometric data and coordination abilities. In general, the factor structure of preparedness of girls is more complex than at boys. The level of physical preparation and functional status of women more influence age-specific anthropometric data and compared with boys. The power capacity of girls occupy a central position in the overall preparation structure, while at boys power capacity can occupy a leading position.
4. It is shown that, in connection with the identified features in the structure of the complex preparedness of boys and girls in the classes of physical education of boys should focus on the development of strength, while at girlsdevelopment of endurance (functionality) and to a greater degree than boys should take into account physiological features.
In the future, further research is planned to study the individual typological features of the Polish students.