Microscopic photographs of lenses incubated with HIF-1 inhibitors. The upper panel shows the results of culturing rat lenses in 30 mM galactose-containing medium for 2–3 days. The lower panel shows the result of adding HIF-1 inhibitor to galactose-containing medium after photographing the lens in the upper panel and culturing for 2–3 days. Days in the upper left panel indicates total incubation time.