This article describes and analyses the various legal regimes governing intellectual property rights in the protection of life forms, the patent on life forms, and plant varieties and sets forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources. A patent can be understood as an IPR relating to inventions and is the grant of exclusive right, for a limited period, provided by the Government to the patentee, in exchange of full disclosure of his invention, for excluding others, from making, using, selling, importing the patented product or process producing that product for those purposes.