Cobalt-Doping of Molybdenum Disulfide for Enhanced Catalytic Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Metal sulfides, such as MoS₂, are widely investigated in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries to suppress the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) due to their chemical adsorption ability and catalytic activity. However, their relatively low conductivity and activity limit the LiPS conversion kinetics. Herein, the Co-doped MoS₂ is proposed to accelerate the catalytic conversion of LiPS as the Co doping can promote the transition from semiconducting 2H phase to metallic 1T phase and introduce the sulfur vacancies in MoS₂. A one-step hydrothermal process is used to prepare such a Co-doped MoS₂ with more 1T phase and rich sulfur vacancies, which enhances the electron transfer and catalytic activity, thus effectively improving the LiPS adsorption and conversion kinetics. The cathode using the three-dimensional graphene monolith loaded with Co-doped MoS₂ catalyst as the sulfur host shows a high rate capability and long cycling stability. A high capacity of 941 mAh g^–1 at 2 C and a low capacity fading of 0.029% per cycle at 1 C over 1000 cycles are achieved, suggesting the effectively suppressed LiPS shuttling and improved sulfur utilization. Good cyclic stability is also maintained under a high sulfur loading indicating the doping is an effective way to optimize the metal sulfide catalysts in Li–S batteries.