A typology of cybersecurity behavior among knowledge workers

While the cybersecurity literature on behavioral factors has expanded, current countermeasures often overlook employee-specific behavioral differences, leading to generic solutions. This study addresses this gap by introducing a typology of knowledge worker cybersecurity behaviors through cluster analysis. Based on online survey data (n = 264), we identify six main dimensions of cybersecurity attitude and behavior and, based on these, four behavioral cybersecurity types with distinct characteristics and demographic profiles: Naïve Greenhorns, Traditional Examiners, Flexible Mavericks, and Reliable Troupers. Contrary to common beliefs, the study found that older employees demonstrate high cybersecurity resilience, while younger ones pose a higher risk. These findings underscore the importance of tailored, human-centered cybersecurity approaches.