Optimization of PURE system as measured by functional Fluc produced by adding chaperone systems GroEL/ES and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE.

(a). Active Fluc produced at different GroEL/GroES concentrations. (b). Active Fluc produced at different DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE concentrations. Fluc activities were measured in relative luminescence unit by luciferase assay and PURE system reaction without supplement was set as control. Error bars are ± standard deviations, with n = 3.