IL-33 induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HTNV-infected HUVECs.

HUVECs were infected with HTNV/mock virus (MOI = 1) for 48 h or stimulated with IL-33 (20 ng/ml) for 6 h or first infected with virus for 48 h and then treated with IL-33 (20 ng/ml) for another 6 h. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CX3CL1 was determined by real-time PCR. Untreated HUVECs were set as the normal control (NC). Data are shown as the mean ± SD of triplicate samples and are representative of experiments with three independent HUVEC donors, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.