Three combinations of rank-abundance curve and richness pattern used to generate community structure types of virtual distribution data used for the evaluation.

(a), (c), (e) Histograms of number of presence sites per species (rank-abundance curve) and (b), (d), (f) number of species per site (richness pattern) in communities with (a), (b) type 1: log-linear, (c), (d) type 2: log-normal, and (e), (f) type 3: realistic patterns of rank-abundance curves in Japanese freshwater mollusks.