Schematic representations of the three markov chain structures considered in this study.

A: The four independent Markov Chains for each gate of the models Ten Tusscher and Panfilov [23] or Stewart et al. [24] considering only two possible states, Open (O) and Close (C) for each one. B: The original structure of the Markov Chain used by Mahajan et al. [22] to simulate the I_CaL phenomenon. C: The proposed Markov Chain as a combination of the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism rates and the Mahajan et al. [22] topology, to replace the gates in the Ten Tusscher and Panfilov [23] and Stewart et al. [24] models. The MC transitions generated considering the HH gates d, f, and f₂ are shown respectively in blue, green, and yellow. The calcium-dependent function f and the rates associated with the calcium concentration are shown in red. The set of parameters x used to fit both calcium-dependent rates (parameters x₀ to x₄) and voltage-dependence rates (parameters x₅ to x₁₀) are shown in black.