Results (mean and 95% confidence interval) for the PALS, divided into two ALSFRS-rUL groups compared against the age/sex matched healthy cohort for dominant hand. a Grip strength test. b Nine hole peg test (NHPT). c Dexterity performance score.

Pairwise comparisons were carried out using a Kruskal-Wallis (with a Dunn’s multiple comparison test) test. Significance is denoted by (*) using the convention p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***) or p <0.0001 (****) or ns when no significance is noted.