Predicted upstream activated (A) and inhibited (B) regulators in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as determined by IPA analysis.

Direct and indirect interactions are indicated by solid, and dash lines, respectively. The shapes represent the molecular classes of the proteins, as indicated in the legend. The upstream regulators networks were generated through the use of IPA (QIAGEN Inc., https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/ingenuity-pathway-analysis/) (37).