Microstructures of ice-templated ceramics (alumina) obtained with different additives.

Microstructures of ice-templated ceramics (alumina) obtained with different additives. The additives change many physico-chemical parameters that affect the crystal growth morphologies during freezing such as the freezing point, viscosity, surface energy, supercooling, etc. Since the pores are templated by the crystals, the pore morphology is thus modified.