Insulin stimulation of brain slices from CTL and Liver-PtenKO mice.

Levels of p-AKT (Ser⁴⁷³) and total AKT were measured using a plate assay in whole brain protein extracts with or without 10 nM insulin treatment. pAKT/AKT ratios indicate significant changes after insulin treatment within groups, but no significant differences in ratios between CTL (gray) and Liver-PtenKO (black) groups. Error bars indicate ± SD (*P ≤ 0.05) (n = 4 per group).