Infection with 5 ⋅ 10⁶ Streptococcus pneumoniae treated with ampicillin (0.4 mg/mouse) every 12h, starting at 24h.

We compare results of model simulation with data under antibiotic treatment. Time series of pneumococcal population in BAL (a) and blood (b), neutrophils in BAL (c), inflammatory macrophages in BAL (d), barrier function (e), histologic score (f), TNF-α in BALF (g), IL-6 in BALF (h), CCL2 in BALF (i), IL-10 in BALF (j), CXCL1 in BALF (k) and CXCL5 in BALF (l) are displayed. The solid black curve represents simulation results. Blue circles represent data. Red dots represent the time points of antibiotic treatment. Treatment results in eradication of bacteria from alveolar spaces and blood. Immune cells, cytokine levels and barrier function also normalize except for macrophages staying elevated during observation period.