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Universal housing adequacy model to compare different elements and categories of housing. 

Model compiled from a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach, where the official housing regulations/ legislation/ policy/ code/ and standards of 42 countries were analysed. The data was analysed by coding according to reflective thematic analysis, and was compared to the elements in existing theories. The source documents represented a range of countries from developed to developing; and countries ranging from high to low income based on per capita Gross National Investment (GNI). The study established that a general definition of housing adequacy included 27 elements that can be divided into five categories—Accessibility, Protection from the elements, Internal habitability, Service provision and Sustainability.