This study emsployed Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to investigate temporal responses of bacterial communities in C. oleiferarhizosphere and root endosphere to fertilization. We aimed to (1) resolve stage-specific variations in bacterial diversity/composition across root compartments, and (2) identify keystone taxa modulated by fertilization over time. Our findings elucidate microbial drivers of nutrient adaptation in C. oleifera, providing a framework for optimizing fertilization strategies in woody oilseed cultivation systems.