This dataset presents CyTOF(Cytometry by Time of Flight)-based single-cell proteomic analysis of PBMCs from individuals with varying health conditions, including healthy controls, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), and refractory MPP (RMPP). Using a 39-marker CyTOF panel, this study aimed to identify and characterize immune cell subsets and their protein expression profiles, highlighting immune system alterations associated with MPP and RMPP.