Behavioral Factors Affecting Data Quality and Information Utilization in Health Facilities in Ethiopia, 2023: Exploratory Qualitative Study(Qualitative data set)

This study explored the behavioral factors that influence data quality and information use within Ethiopia's health system, particularly in health centers supported by the Capacity Building and Mentorship Program (CBMP). Although Ethiopia has made significant efforts to improve its Health Information System (HIS) through initiatives like the Information Revolution, the behavioral aspects affecting data practices remain underexamined. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, researchers conducted 43 key informant interviews and 15 focus group discussions with health workers, HMIS staff, and facility leaders across five regions. Thematic analysis identified seven key behavioral domains shaping data practices: perceived value of data, self-efficacy, motivation and commitment, competing clinical demands, social support and teamwork, adherence to protocols, and leadership and governance.

Findings revealed that while some health workers recognize the importance of data for clinical and programmatic decision-making, others deprioritize it due to high workloads and limited support. Self-efficacy was boosted by basic training but hindered by gaps in advanced data skills. Motivation suffered from a lack of recognition and encouragement, and collaboration was weakened by minimal peer learning opportunities. Adherence to data protocols was inconsistent, and poor leadership, unclear roles, and weak accountability structures further impaired data use. The study recommends integrated strategies such as Telegram-based digital learning tools, PMT optimizers, and leadership strengthening initiatives to build a culture of effective data use. These behavioral interventions are critical to enhancing the performance of HIS and fostering evidence-informed decision-making at the primary healthcare level.