FICi values above 2.0 indicate antagonistic effects, values between 0.5 and 2.0 indicate additive effects, and values lower than 0.5 indicate synergistic effects.
b
Resistant status was determined using the disc diffusion method. The following abbreviations are used: penicillin (P), cefixime (CFM), cefpodoxime (CPD), ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefmetazole (CMZ), and tetracycline (TE).
c
Ag NPs with a diameter of 120 nm were used in assays with clinical isolates.
d
Not determined, as ATCC 49226 is sensitive to cefmetazole.