Peak Pre-Post Exercise Changes.

HR, heart rate (beats per minute); PP, pulse pressure (mmHg); MAP, mean arterial pressure (mmHg); cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (m/s); AIx75, augmentation index adjusted to heart rate of 75 beats per minute (%); SEVR, subendocardial viability ratio (%).

All values are mean±standard deviation.

P<0.05 before adjustment.

HR, cfPWV, AIx75, and SEVR are adjusted for age, exercise time, resting MAP, and the corresponding resting parameter between non-smokers and the two smoking groups (1 vs. 2 and 1 vs. 3). Repeated measures between Chronic and Acute smoking groups are adjusted for exercise time and resting MAP (2 vs. 3).

Aortic PP and MAP were adjusted for age, exercise time, and the corresponding resting parameter. Post-exercise, these variables were adjusted for age, exercise time, and the corresponding resting parameter between non-smokers and the two smoking groups. Repeated measures between Chronic and Acute smoking groups are adjusted for exercise time and resting MAP.