Patient characteristics and outcomes for ethnic minorities.

Notes: *major publication, ‡non-Indigenous and Caucasian are the reference groups unless it was a study conducted in another region (e.g., Chinese considered the reference group in China), Indigenous includes Aboriginals, First Nations, American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Maori, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, and Torres Strait Islanders, Blacks include African American, African, and Afro-Caribbean, † we obtained unpublished data from the authors of this study in the form of a poster presentation, Π we obtained unpublished data for the state of California from the authors.

Abbreviations: A Asian, A/PI Asian/Pacific Islander, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B Black, C Caucasian, CHD coronary heart disease, CHF congestive heart failure, CI confidence interval, CLD chronic lung disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CP cerebral palsy, DM diabetes mellitus, DS down syndrome, F foreigners, unspecified,F/W Fall/Winter, H Hispanic, htn hypertension, I Indigenous, ICU intensive care unit, ID Indian descent, MD muscular dystrophy, MO morbid obesity, ND neurological disease, NI non-Indigenous, NMO non-morbid obesity, NRF non-respiratory failure, RAD reactive airway disease, RF respiratory failure, SD standard deviation, SLE systemic lupus erthematosus, S/S Spring/Summer, U unspecified.