Number of pots with emerged seedlings (n for emergence analysis) and seedlings at the end of the experiment (n for biomass analysis) in the different litter treatments.

Treatments: litter type (spruce, hazel, mixed, control-without litter addition), litter amount (S = shallow, D = deep, L = leachate) and understorey species (Geum = Geum rivale, Hypericum = Hypericum perforatum, Prunella = Prunella vulgaris).