Raw NMR metabolic profiling data
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal of all human cancers. The disease has no obvious symptoms in its early stages and in the majority of cases the cancer goes undetected until it has advanced to the point that surgery is no longer a viable option or until it has metastasized to other organs. The lack of sensitive biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer contributes to the poor ability to detect the disease before it progresses to an untreatable stage. Here, an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer was investigated to determine if urinary metabolic biomarkers could be identified and used to detect early formation of pancreatic tumors. The orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer was established by injecting human MiaPaCa-2 cells, derived from a male patient aged 65 years with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, into the pancreata of severe combined immunodeficient mice. Orthotopic pancreatic tumors, allowed to grow for eight weeks, were successfully established in the pancreata in 15 out of 20 mice. At the time of sacrifice, tumors were excised and histologically analyzed and the masses and volumes recorded. Urine samples were collected prior to injection, at one-week post injection, and every two weeks afterwards for eight weeks. NMR based metabolic profiling of the urine samples indicated that 25 metabolites changed significantly over the course of tumor initiation and growth. Longitudinal metabolic profiling analysis indicated an initial increase in activity of metabolic pathways involved in energy production and/or cell synthesis by cancer cells as required to support tumor growth that was followed by a diminished difference between control and orthotopic mice associated with tumor senescence as the tumors reached 7-8 weeks post injection. The results indicate that urinary metabolic profiling may be able to detect the earliest stages of pancreatic tumor initiation and growth, providing motivation for further investigation in human studies.
All binned raw and normalized NMR spectra used for the study are included