In this dataset, we provide images acquired from multiple brain regions that span an intact thalamocortical pathway (Agmon & Connors, 1991). The images were acquired using synchrotron X-ray microCT at 1.17 micron isotropic resolution. Along with these images, we provide: (1) annotations of microstructures in the images, including cells, myelinated axons, and blood vessels, and (2) images from different brain regions of interest. The dataset is accompanied by a Python notebook that loads the datasets and runs a few simple analyses on the dataset.