Le système pénitentiaire macédonien

The October 2024 report titled Le système pénitentiaire macédonien offers a comprehensive analysis of North Macedonia’s prison system, contextualized within the broader framework of the World Prisons Observatory. It traces the evolution of the country's penal infrastructure since its independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991, highlighting key legislative reforms and ongoing challenges.

Legal and Institutional Framework

Following its independence, North Macedonia adopted its first Penal Code in 1996, marking a departure from the Yugoslav legal system. This code introduced various sanctions, including limited-term imprisonment and life sentences. Recognizing the need for modernization, the Law on the Execution of Sanctions (LES) was enacted in 2019, replacing the 2006 version. The LES aligns with international standards, such as the European Prison Rules, and emphasizes rehabilitation, alternative sentencing, and the protection of inmates' rights.

Current Challenges

Despite legislative advancements, the prison system faces significant issues:

• Overcrowding: Facilities often operate beyond capacity, leading to substandard living conditions.
• Infrastructure Deficiencies: Many prisons suffer from outdated and inadequate infrastructure, impacting the health and safety of inmates.
• Human Rights Concerns: Reports indicate instances of ill-treatment and inadequate healthcare services within prisons.
• Staffing and Training: There is a shortage of adequately trained personnel to manage and rehabilitate inmates effectively.

Reform Initiatives

In response to these challenges, North Macedonia has embarked on several reform initiatives:

• Legislative Reforms: The LES aims to enhance the legal framework governing prisons, focusing on inmates' rights and rehabilitation.
• International Collaboration: Partnerships with organizations like the Council of Europe have been established to improve prison conditions and staff training.
• Infrastructure Projects: Plans are underway to renovate existing facilities and construct new ones to alleviate overcrowding.

This report serves as a critical resource for policymakers, human rights advocates, and international organizations seeking to understand and improve the state of prisons in North Macedonia.