<p dir="ltr">Data on vascular species biodiversity in urban stands under the canopy of the native Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) and the alien Black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L.) in two Polish cities, Warsaw and Poznań. The dataset includes information from 48 research plots in Warsaw and 20 in Poznań, each covering an area of 100 m². Vegetation data were collected using Braun-Blanquet's cover scale.</p>