GDP per capita levels for regions and countries in Europe and North America, 1300-2000

We publish our out-of-sample estimates on historical GDP per capita levels between the years 1300 and 2000 together with the collected source data on countries and regions in a comprehensive dataset comprising 5,690 observations (1,313 source data observations, and 4,377 out-of-sample estimates). All references to the source data are provided in the manuscript.

Locations refer to NUTS-2 regions in Europe (2021 edition), metro- and micropolitan statistical areas for the United States, metropolitan areas for Canada, and regions of similar size for other countries, e.g. oblasts in Russia. For countries, we use ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes.

The column GDPpc is denoted in 2011 USD PPP, matching the unit provided in the Maddison project. The column flag describes whether the value in column GDPpc is taken from source data (see manuscript for references) or an out-of-sample estimate. If it is an out-of-sample estimate, the columns GDPpc_lower and GDPpc_upper provide 90 percent confidence intervals obtained by bootstrapping.

The code to generate all estimates will be published soon to ensure reproducibility of results.